Estimating the Damping in a Single Degree of Freedom System Lab Report - 1

Estimating the Damping in a Single Degree of Freedom System - Lab Report Example There are a number of sources for damping and in this experiment; we are required to determine their overall effect. The excitation of the system will be provided by a shaker driving the opposite end of the beam from the attached weight. Two different methods will be used to estimate the damping: half-power bandwidth measurement in the frequency domain and a logarithmic decrement in the time-domain. a) Set up the system to use an accelerometer to measure the vibration of the beam near the attached weight while applying a computer-generated forcing signal via the shaker attached to the opposite end of the beam. c) Observe the resonant peak corresponding to mass-on-a-spring type motion, and compare it to what you would expect based on a simple calculation using the mass of the attached weight and the static stiï ¬â‚¬ness of the beam. When a mechanical system is displaced from its position at equilibrium and then released, the restoring force returns it to equilibrium position. This kind of movement is referred to as free vibration. Free vibration results arise from the initial impact energy that keeps changing consistently from potential energy to kinetic energy forms. In a state of free vibration, the mechanical system is said to be vibrating at its natural frequency. However, due to some various causes, dissipation of the mechanical energy occurs during vibration and this effect is referred to as damping. In theory, an un-damped freely vibrating system continues to vibrate after it has started. In this experiment, we shall investigate the effect of damping and the level of damping in the mechanical system. Vibration can basically be classified in a number of ways including: b. Un-damped and damped vibration: In un-damped vibrations, no energy is lost or dissipated as a result of friction during the oscillatory motion. If any energy is lost, the

Community Corrections Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Corrections - Research Paper Example In sum, â€Å"The goals of community corrections are to contribute to public safety and reduce future criminal conduct.† (Martin, 2006) How Do Community Corrections Affect the Society in Which They Are Practiced? Community corrections consist of a number of criminological treatment regimens that are designed from both forensic and psychiatric perspectives. These include counseling, medication, and various other sorts of interventions involving drug/alcohol treatment, cognitive restructuring to prevent sexual offences, anger management, and mental treatment. The effect of these practices can be very positive toward the society at large. Instead of punishment, re-offending, and repeated punishment, community corrections aim at offender specific treatment and rehabilitation, which can minimize prison costs, arouse human values among the offenders, prevent recidivism, and prevent death penalties or life imprisonments. Thus, reduction of criminal behavior and mentality change of th e offenders through community corrections play a constructive role in the society. Hypothesis Community corrections can not only prevent recidivism through rehabilitation but also bring down the economic overheads of maintaining large prison systems. Prison System of Foreign Countries Unlike America, several foreign countries often undermine the human rights aspects of the correctional system. In these countries, correctional systems depended on the prison systems and community corrections remain a neglect field of criminology and rehabilitation. Less technical know-how, ignorance, budgetary restrictions, etc. are the main reasons behind the primitiveness of community corrections in foreign countries. Prisons thus become a means of elimination and isolation rather than correction and rehabilitation. Views of the Other Nations on Imprisonment Most of the other nations have stricter implications for handling offenders. They aim to isolate the offender from the rest of the society. Gen erally due to budgetary constraints and lack of research, prisons in the other parts of the world have very strict code of conduct. And where corruptions are prevalent, prisoners are often systematically exploited and tortured. Authoritarian countries often resort to repression and prisons become concentration camps. Some countries manage to maintain high level of discipline, while others have a highly corrupt prison system. If United States Adopt the Prison System of Another Country†¦ For the purpose of this paper, let’s chose the example of the prison system of Japan. According to Cavadino and Dignan (2006, p. 184): â€Å"One of the most striking aspects of Japanese prison life, at least in the eyes of Western observers, is the extent to which it appears to repressively regimented by a highly detailed and restrictive set of prison rules, covering virtually every aspect of a prisoner’s daily life.† Japanese prison system has an impressive orderliness, whic h is manifest by the fact that incidents of prison riots and prison breaking are very low in Japan. However, such incidents are often encountered in the prisons of the Western countries like United States. Therefore, if the Japanese prison system is adopted, the focus of law enforcing bodies will be at the restructuring of the country’s prison system. Like Japan, United States would also start putting less emphasis on community correct